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1.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 82(3): 333-337, sept. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409942

ABSTRACT

Resumen Durante la cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal, la sección inadvertida y retracción hacia la órbita de la arteria etmoidal anterior (AEA) es el mecanismo habitual del hematoma orbitario (HO); éste se manifiesta con proptosis, dolor y déficit visual potencialmente irreversible. El déficit visual es secundario a isquemia del nervio óptico por aumento de la presión intraocular, siendo suficientes treinta minutos para que ocurra daño visual permanente. Por sus secuelas el tratamiento del HO debe ser rápido y agresivo. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 72 años con diagnóstico de rinosinusitis crónica con pólipos nasales refractaria a tratamiento médico que se sometió a cirugía endoscópica nasal y que desarrolló en el posoperatorio inmediato con un HO. Se manejó precozmente con cantotomía-cantolisis, descompresión orbitaria medial endoscópica y control vascular de la AEA. El paciente evoluciona favorablemente, sin déficit visual. En este artículo se discutirán el diagnóstico y manejo oportunos del hematoma orbitario iatrogénico.


Abstract During endoscopic sinonasal surgery, inadvertent section of the anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) with retraction into the orbit is the usual mechanism of orbital hematoma (OH), leading to proptosis, pain, and potentially irreversible visual loss. Thirty minutes is sufficient for retinal ischemia and permanent visual loss. The explanation for blindness is due to increased intraorbital pressure. The treatment of iatrogenic HO must be quick and aggressive, because if it is not managed in time, it can cause a permanent visual deficit. We present the case of a 72-year-old man with a diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps refractory to medical treatment who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery, evolving in the immediate postoperative period with an HO, requiring canthotomy - cantolysis and early surgical reintervention for endoscopic medial orbital decompression and vascular control of AEA. The patient evolves favorably, without visual deficit. This article will discuss the timely diagnosis and management of iatrogenic orbital hematoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Nasal Polyps/surgery , Endoscopy/adverse effects , Hematoma/etiology , Endoscopy/methods , Hemorrhage/etiology
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(2): 127-132, Mar.-Apr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280102

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Conheça as características demográficas e clínicas da Órbita Associada da Tiroide (OAT), bem como a taxa de exigência da cirurgia orbital em pacientes do Centro Médico Nacional do Oeste. Métodos. Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e retrospetivo realizado analisando os registos de pacientes diagnosticados com OAT tratados num centro de cuidados de terceiro nível de janeiro de 2005 a julho de 2016. Os resultados. Um total de 236 órbitas de 118 pacientes foram avaliados, com uma idade média de 47,3 (13,2 anos, 74,6% eram do sexo feminino e 25,4% masculinos. 4,2% dos doentes foram tratados com hipotiroidismo, 94,1% com hipertireoidismo e 1,7% com goiter tóxico difuso. 44,9% dos doentes estudados com restrição de movimento ocular,10,2% com queratopatia de exposição e 51,7% com hipertensão intraocular. 34,7% dos doentes avaliados no serviço necessitaram de descompressão orbital, 16,1% de cirurgia palpebral e 8,5% de correção do hatrabisma. Na gestão conservadora destes doentes, 48,3% exigiam o uso de lubrificantes tópicos dos olhos, enquanto 52,5% dos pacientes necessitavam do uso de hipotensivos oculares em número variável. As conclusões. A OAT foi associada principalmente ao hipertiroidismo, sendo mais comum em pacientes do sexo feminino entre os 40 e os 59 anos; mais de 50% dos pacientes necessitaram do uso de hipotensivos oculares. Da mesma forma, a gestão cirúrgica foi realizada em mais de 50% dos pacientes, sendo a descompressão orbital a intervenção mais frequente.


ABSTRACT Objective. To know the demographic and clinical characteristics of Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy (TAO), as well as the requirement rate of orbital surgery in patients of the Orbit Service in the National Medical Center of the West, IMSS. Methods. Observational, cross-cutting, descriptive and retrospective study carried out analyzing the records of patients diagnosed with TAO and treated at a third-level care center from January 2005 to July 2016. Results. A total of 236 orbits of 118 patients were valued, with an average age of 47.3 ± 13.2 years, 74.6% were female and 25.4% male. 4.2% of patients were treated with hypothyroidism, 94.1% with hyperthyroidism and 1.7% with diffuse toxic goiter. 44.9% of patients studied had eye movement restriction,10.2% exposure keratopathy and 51.7% intraocular hypertension. 34.7% of patients valued in the service required orbital decompression, 16.1% palpebral surgery and 8.5% strabism correction. In the conservative management of these patients 48.3% required the use of topical eye lubricants, while 52.5% required the use of eye hypotensives in variable numbers. Conclusions. TAO was mainly associated with hyperthyroidism, being more common in female patients between the age of 40 and 59; more than 50% of patients required the use of eye hypotensives. Likewise, surgical management was performed in more than 50% of patients, with orbital decompression being the most frequent intervention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Orbital Diseases/surgery , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Thyroid Diseases/complications , Exophthalmos/surgery , Exophthalmos/etiology , Orbit/surgery , Exophthalmos/diagnosis , Graves Disease/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Intraocular Pressure
3.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(3): e0007, 2021. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280119

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Os diagnósticos diferenciais que compõem as proptoses agudas são, muitas vezes, desafiadores. A anamnese e o exame clínico exigem do oftalmologista atenção especial aos detalhes que permitem diferenciar quadros relativamente benignos e autolimitados de quadros que evoluirão com incapacidades permanentes. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 49 anos que, durante viagem de avião, apresentou dor ocular, hematoma periorbitário e proptose do olho esquerdo súbitos. Referia diplopia aguda incapacitante. Exames de tomografia e angiorressonância magnética confirmaram diagnóstico de sinusopatia do seio etmoidal esquerdo e hematoma subperiosteal da órbita esquerda, associado ao barotrauma. Apesar de raro, o diagnóstico de hematoma subperiosteal não traumático deve ser considerado diferencial em relação a proptoses agudas, sendo a anamnese fundamental para essa elucidação diagnóstica.


ABSTRACT Differential diagnoses of acute proptosis are often challenging. History and clinical examination require from ophthalmologists special attention to details, which make it possible to differentiate relatively benign and self-limited conditions from those that will progress to permanent disabilities. We report a 49-year-old female patient who had sudden eye pain, periorbital hematoma and proptosis of the left eye during a commercial flight. She also complained of disabling acute diplopia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography imaging confirmed the diagnosis of subperiosteal hematoma of the left orbit, associated with left ethmoid sinus disease. Although rare, non-traumatic subperiosteal hematoma should be considered in differential diagnoses of acute proptosis, and history taking is fundamental to elucidate the picture.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Orbital Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Barotrauma/complications , Eye Hemorrhage/etiology , Eye Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/drug therapy , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Aviation , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Exophthalmos , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use , Diplopia , Air Travel
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(2): 283-287, abr. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-887469

ABSTRACT

La histiocitosis de células de Langerhans es una enfermedad poco frecuente, caracterizada por la proliferación clonal de células dendríticas mieloides CD1a positivas, asociada a un componente inflamatorio significativo. El compromiso óseo es común; en niños, las lesiones líticas más frecuentes son en la cúpula craneal y son raras las lesiones en la órbita. Se presenta a un lactante de 18 meses que consultó por edema periorbitario y proptosis del ojo derecho de dos meses de evolución. Al momento del examen físico, no se encontraron otras alteraciones. Se realizó una tomografía y una resonancia magnética, que mostraron una masa tumoral en el seno maxilar de crecimiento expansivo y erosión del techo de la órbita. La biopsia confirmó la proliferación CD1a positiva; recibió tratamiento con prednisona y vinblastina, con evolución favorable. Un tratamiento precoz puede evitar secuelas significativas en los pacientes cuando son sensibles al tratamiento. Es una entidad poco frecuente que requiere un alto índice de sospecha y un manejo multidisciplinario.


The Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease characterized by the clonal proliferation of CD1a + myeloid dendritic cells associated with a significant inflammatory component. The localized form of the disease is called eosinophilic granuloma. Bone involvement is common; in children, lytic lesions are most frequently found in the cranial dome being rare in the orbit. We present an 18-month-old infant who consulted due to periorbital edema and proptosis of the right eye, with two months of evolution. The computed tomography and the magnetic resonance imaging showed a maxillary sinus tumor mass of expansive growth and erosion of the roof of the orbit. The biopsy confirmed CD1a+ proliferation; it was treated with prednisone and vinblastine with favorable evolution. It is a rare entity that requires a high index of suspicion and multidisciplinary management. Early diagnosis and treatment leads to a favorable prognosis for the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Maxillary Diseases/complications , Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/complications
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(2): 147-149, Mar.-Apr. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-779968

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A rinossinusite aguda é uma das afecções mais prevalentes das vias aéreas superiores. Fatores anatômicos presentes em crianças e jovens propiciam o aparecimento de complicações orbitárias. Embora mais raras, as complicações intracranianas das rinossinusites perfazem um grau alto de letalidade, são mais comuns em pacientes acima de sete anos, e devem ser tratadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar.


ABSTRACT Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most prevalent diseases of the upper airways. Anatomical factors present in children and young people allow for the onset of orbital complications. Although rare, intracranial complications of sinusitis account for a high degree of lethality, are more common in patients over the age of seven, and should be treated by a multidisciplinary team.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Orbital Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Sinusitis/complications , Epidural Abscess/etiology , Epidural Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Orbital Diseases/surgery , Periosteum/pathology , Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Drainage/methods , Acute Disease , Epidural Abscess/surgery , Abscess/surgery , Abscess/etiology , Abscess/diagnostic imaging
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 77(5): 293-296, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-730384

ABSTRACT

Purpose: We reported on the clinical approaches of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology departments in the treatment of the orbital complications of sinusitis. We also included an in-depth literature review. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical files of 51 patients from January 2008 to January 2014. The records were evaluated for age, gender, type of orbital complications, symptoms, predisposing factors, imaging studies, medical and surgical management, culture results, and follow-up information. SPSS version 15.0 software (Statistical Analysis, The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Inc, Chicago, IL) was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Fifty-one patients met the criteria, with available medical records, for the study (29 male, 22 female). Thirty-two (62.7%) were diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis and 19 (37.3%) with postseptal cellulitis. After a detailed evaluation, 15 were diagnosed with a subperiosteal abscess (SPA), and 4 were diagnosed with orbital cellulitis. The age and gender was similar for the two groups. Five patients with medial SPA were treated with endoscopic sinus surgery, one patient with inferior SPA was treated with external surgery, and six patients with other localizations were treated with a combination of endoscopic sinus surgery and external surgery. All patients presented with periorbital erythema and edema. The length of hospitalization and duration of symptoms were similar in both groups. Visual acuity was between 1/10 to 10/10 (mean 7/10) and statistically significant for preseptal and postseptal cellulitis groups (p<0.001). All patients received intravenous antibiotics upon the first day of admission. Conclusion: Orbital complications of acute sinusitis required intensive follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach. A contrast-enhanced paranasal sinus computerized tomography (CT) scan can detect the extent of the infection. An initial trial of intravenosus (IV) antibiotics ...


Objetivo: Relatamos abordagens clínicas dos departamentos de oftalmologia e otorrinolaringologia para tratar complicações orbitais da sinusite. Uma revisão em profundidade literatura é discutida. Métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 51 pacientes no período de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2014. Os registros foram avaliados quanto à idade, sexo, tipo de complicação orbital, sintomas, fatores predisponentes, estudos de imagem, tratamento médico e cirúrgico, resultados da cultura microbiológica e seguimento. Foi utilizado o programa SPSS versão 15.0 (Statistical Analysis, The Statistical Package for Social Sciences Inc, Chicago, IL) para a análise estatística. Resultados: Cinquenta e um pacientes preencheram os critérios, com os registros médicos disponíveis, para o estudo (29 do sexo masculino, 22 do sexo feminino). Trinta e dois (62,7%) foram diagnosticados com celulite presseptal e 19 (37,3%), com celulite posseptal. Depois de uma avaliação detalhada, 15 foram diagnosticados como abscesso subperiosteal (SPA), 4 eram celulite orbitária. A idade e sexo foi similar para ambos os grupos. Cinco pacientes com abscesso subperiosteal medial foram tratados com cirurgia endoscópica, um paciente com abscessso subperiosteal inferior foi tratado com cirurgia externa, 6 pacientes com outras localizações foram tratados com a combinação de cirurgia endoscópica e cirurgia externo. Todos os pacientes apresentaram eritema e edema periorbital. Tempo de internação hospitalar e a duração dos sintomas foi similar em ambos os grupos. A acuidade visual foi entre 1/10 a 10/10 (média de 7/10) e estatisticamente significante para os grupos celulite presseptal e posseptal (p<0,001). Todos os pacientes receberam antibióticos por via intravenosa, no primeiro dia ...


Subject(s)
Humans , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Sinusitis/complications , Abscess , Medical Records
7.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 79(6): 716-719, Nov-Dec/2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-697683

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar as complicações orbitais em crianças e adultos com sinusite. MÉTODO: Os pacientes que frequentam clínica de Otorrinolaringologia com sinusite de janeiro de 2010 até janeiro de 2012 foram incluídos. Os pacientes foram classificados em dois grupos, de acordo com sua idade. O primeiro incluiu crianças idade inferior a 16 anos e, o segundo, pacientes com mais de 16 anos. Quadro clínico, seio envolvido, gestão e resultados foram comparados. RESULTADOS: O número total de pacientes foi 616. Complicações orbitais foram observadas em 36 pacientes (5,8%). Destes, 26 pacientes (72,2%) eram crianças (21 tinham presseptal e cinco tiveram celulite orbitária) e dez pacientes (27,8%) eram adultos (cinco com pré-septal, três com celulite orbitária e dois com abscesso). A complicação mais comum foi celulite orbital presseptal (72,2%), seguida de celulite e abcesso orbital (22,2% e 5,6%, respectivamente). O seio mais comum envolvido foi etmoidal em crianças e sinusopatia mista em adultos. A maioria dos pacientes respondeu ao tratamento médico. CONCLUSÃO: As complicações orbitárias da sinusite são mais comuns em crianças do que em adultos e têm prognóstico favorável. .


OBJECTIVE: To investigate orbital complications in children and adult with sinusitis. METHOD: Patients attending ENT clinic with sinusitis from January 2010 until January 2012 were included. Patients were classified into two groups according to their age. First involved children aged less than 16 and second included adults older than 16 years. Clinical picture, sinus involved, management and outcome were compared. RESULTS: The total number of patients were 616. Orbital complications were seen in 36 patients (5.8%). Twenty six patients (72.2%) were children (21 had preseptal and 5 had orbital cellulitis) and ten patients (27.8%) were adults (5 with preseptal, three with orbital cellulitis and 2 with abscess). The most common orbital complication was preseptal cellulitis (72.2%) followed by orbital cellulitis and abscess (22.2% and 5.6% respectively). The commonest sinus involved was ethmoidal in children and mixed sinus pathology in adults. The majority of patients responded to medical treatment. CONCLUSION: Orbital complications of sinusitis are commoner in children than adults and have favorable prognosis. Keywords: Sinusitis, cellulitis, preseptal, abscess. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , Abscess/etiology , Cellulitis/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Rhinitis/complications , Sinusitis/complications , Acute Disease , Abscess/diagnosis , Cellulitis/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Prevalence
8.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 71(3): 263-266, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612130

ABSTRACT

La rinosinusitis aguda, puede presentar una serie de complicaciones conocidas, un grupo de ellas son las complicaciones orbitarias. Se presenta la historia de un paciente que consultó por proptosis ocular, siendo diagnosticado un absceso subperióstico retroorbitario secundario a una rinosinusitis aguda. Se trató con técnica endoscópica, evoluciona con un hematoma retroorbitario que tuvo que ser drenado con un abordaje mixto, endoscópico y abierto, con buena evolución. Actualmente las complicaciones orbitarias de la rinosinusitis aguda tienen una baja prevalencia, y así, las complicaciones del drenaje endoscópico son aún menos frecuentes. Se destaca la importancia del conocimiento del manejo tanto endoscópico como abierto.


Among acute rhinosinusitis complications, the ones with orbital involvement are relevant. We present a case report of a patient who presented proptosis and was initially diagnosed with a retro ocular abscess as a complication to an acute rhinosinusitis. The abscess was drained with an endoscopic sinus surgery. On the fourth post-surgery day a retro ocular hematoma was diagnosed. The hematoma was treated with a combined open and endoscopic approach with a favorable outcome. In conclusion, even though orbital complications of rhinosinusitis nowadays have low prevalence, and orbital complications of their endoscopic management are even rarer, it is important for the otorhinolaryngologist to be familiar with their open, endoscopic, or combined surgical treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Abscess/surgery , Drainage , Endoscopy/methods , Orbital Diseases/surgery , Rhinitis/complications , Sinusitis/complications , Abscess/etiology , Acute Disease , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Exophthalmos/etiology , Hematoma/etiology , Periosteum/surgery , Paranasal Sinuses , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
9.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(5): 374-376, set.-out. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608414

ABSTRACT

Primary localized amyloidosis is rare in the orbit. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman that presented with bilateral proptosis and ophthalmoplegia. A computed tomography scan revealed an infiltrative amorphous and markedly calcified mass in both orbits while a magnetic resonance scan showed a heterogeneous hypointense signal on T2-weighted images. A biopsy was performed through an anterior orbitotomy. Microscopy revealed extracellular amorphous and eosinophilic hyaline material which stained pink with Congo red and displayed green birefringence on polarized microscopy, leading to a diagnosis of amyloidosis. The results of the systemic workup were completely normal. A two-year follow-up period without any treatment disclosed no worsening of the condition. While calcification of nonvascular orbital lesions has often been regarded as suggestive of malignant disease, our case is a reminder that it can also be a characteristic presenting sign of orbital amyloidosis.


Amiloidose primária e localizada na órbita é rara. Relatamos o caso de paciente do sexo feminino, 63 anos que se apresentou com proptose bilateral e oftalmoplegia. A tomografia computadorizada mostrou uma massa infiltrativa amorfa e calcificada em ambas as órbitas enquanto que a imagem por ressonância magnética mostrou imagem heterogênea hipointensa ponderada em T2. Uma biópsia foi realizada por orbitotomia anterior. A microscopia revelou um material extracelular amorfo, hialino e eosinofílico que corou com vermelho Congo e mostrou cor verde birrefringente à microscopia com luz polarizada, levando ao diagnóstico de amiloidose. O resultado da investigação sistêmica foi inteiramente negativo. Um período de seguimento de dois anos sem qualquer tratamento não evidenciou piora da condição. Enquanto que a presença de calcificação de lesão não vascular da órbita frequentemente é considerada sugestiva de doençamaligna, o nosso caso serve para lembrar que pode também ser um sinal característico de amiloidose orbitária.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Amyloidosis/diagnosis , Calcinosis/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Amyloidosis/complications , Calcinosis/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
10.
MEAJO-Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology. 2011; 18 (3): 256-258
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-130068

ABSTRACT

Ophthalmic vein thrombosis is an extremely rare entity. We present a case of middle-aged female who presented with proptosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed cavernous sinus meningioma with ipsilateral superior and inferior vein thrombosis. A brief review of the vascular involvement of the meningioma and ophthalmic vein thrombosis is presented along with the case


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Veins , Eye/blood supply , Cavernous Sinus/pathology , Meningioma/complications , Meningioma/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2010 May; 58(3): 238-240
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-136064

ABSTRACT

We report a rare case of orbital swelling presenting one year after head trauma. An initial fine needle aspiration cytology revealed it to be an infected organizing hematoma. However, broad-spectrum antibiotics did not resolve the infection and the orbital lesion continued to grow in size, as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Incisional biopsies were done, which were reported as orbital actinomycosis. Patient has responded well to treatment with penicillin. This case is of interest due to the delayed presentation of an orbital complication of head trauma and the rare infection with actinomyces. It also highlights the importance of using appropriate antibiotics, as well as the need for long-term treatment.


Subject(s)
Actinomycosis/diagnosis , Actinomycosis/etiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/etiology , Humans , Male , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Scalp/injuries , Young Adult
12.
Rev. chil. dermatol ; 26(2): 148-153, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-569960

ABSTRACT

Presentamos un caso de Mucormicosis Rinoorbitaria en una mujer de 48 años, diabética, en cetoacidosis, a quien se hizo el diagnóstico por histopatología. Tratada con anfotericina B intravenosa y un agresivo debridamiento quirúrgico para eliminar tejidos infartados y necróticos de gran parte de la hemicara y ojo derecho, logra sobrevivir a esta catastrófica infección. La mucormicosis es una infección aguda y extremadamente grave causada por hongos oportunistas y ubicuos del orden Mucoroles pertenecientes a la clase Phycomycetes, que afecta principalmente a un grupo de pacientes cuyas condiciones inmunológicas y metabólicas favorecen el desarrollo del hongo. Hacemos una definición del grupo de "pacientes en riesgo", lo que es extremadamente importante, ya que de la sospecha clínica se puede abordar un diagnóstico precoz para evitar la alta mortalidad y morbilidad que esta enfermedad provoca. Analizamos la patogenia de la enfermedad, así como una revisión de la literatura sobre modalidades de diagnóstico y terapéutica. El diagnóstico de urgencia sigue siendo de responsabilidad del patólogo, y el tratamiento de mayor éxito es la anfotericina B.


We present a case of rhinoorbital mucormycosis in a diabetic, developing ketoacidose, 48-year old woman. Diagnosis was established through histopathology. The patient was successfully treated and survives with a combination of anphotericin B and an aggressive surgery in order to eliminate all the ischemic and necrotic tissues affecting almost the entire right side of the face and intraorbital structures surviving to this catastrophic infection. Mucormycosis is an acute and often fatal infection caused by opportunistic fungus of the class Zygomycetes, order Mucoroles that affects a select group of patients associated with underlying metabolic and immunological disorders. A definition of "risk-group" is proposed. This definition is of extreme importance for a prompt diagnosis avoiding the high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. We review both pathogenic mechanism and literature related to diagnostic modalities and new therapeutical approaches. Emergency diagnosis is still in hands of pathologists and the most successful treatment is with anphotericin B.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Nose Diseases/diagnosis , Nose Diseases/therapy , Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/therapy , Mucormycosis/diagnosis , Mucormycosis/therapy , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Causality , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/complications , Nose Diseases/classification , Nose Diseases/etiology , Orbital Diseases/classification , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Mucormycosis/classification , Mucormycosis/etiology , Necrosis , Opportunistic Infections
13.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 24(4): 566-568, out.-dez. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545155

ABSTRACT

A neurofibromatose é uma doença sistêmica que geralmente acarreta importantes deformidades. Manifestações orbitárias são comuns, podendo haver infiltração dos tecidos moles periorbitários. O neurofibroma orbitário do tipo plexiforme é caracterizado por exoftalmo pulsátil, neurofibromas orbitários, displasia da asa do esfenóide, expansão da fossa temporal e herniação do lobo temporal para o interiorda órbita. No presente relato, os autores descrevem um caso de neurofibroma orbitário do tipo plexiforme e fazem uma revisão dos diferentes aspectos de seu diagnóstico, evolução e tratamento.


Neurofibromatosis is a systemic disease that often produces striking disfigurement. Orbital manifestations are common and include infiltration of the periorbital soft tissues. Orbital plexiform neurofibroma is characterized by pulsatile exophthalmos,orbital neurofibromwas, sphenoid wing dysplasia, expansion of the temporal fossa, and herniation of the temporal lobe into the orbit. The authors report a case of orbital plexiform neurofibroma and review different aspects of diagnosis, course and treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Exophthalmos , Neurofibromatosis 1/surgery , Neurofibromatosis 1/complications , Orbit/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Neurocutaneous Syndromes/surgery , Methods , Patients , Postoperative Complications , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
14.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 69(2): 145-152, ago. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-554739

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La diseminación de las infecciones que se extienden de dientes mandibulares y estructuras adyacentes hacia la órbita y tejido periorbitario son infrecuentes, pero graves ya que tienen el potencial de causar la pérdida de la visión. Objetivos: El propósito de este artículo es publicar un caso clínico muy interesante por lo infrecuente, y explicar a juicio de los autores las vías de diseminación de la infección, a su vez alertar a los diferentes especialistas involucrados sobre las severas consecuencias que pueden resultar tras la extracción de piezas dentales, como es la pérdida definitiva de la visión. Reporte del caso: Se trata de un paciente masculino de 43 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos relevantes, que fue enviado al Servicio Médico Legal para examen clínico forense con pérdida total de la visión del ojo derecho por atrofia óptica como complicación de un síndrome del vértice orbitario, luego de la exodoncia del tercer molar mandibular derecho. Conclusiones: Es fundamental el tratamiento oportuno y agresivo para detener la diseminación de una infección desde las estructuras adyacentes hacia la órbita. La comunicación efectiva interdisciplinaria entre los profesionales involucrados evita complicaciones de tipo médico-legales y secuelas definitivas al paciente.


Introduction: Infection dissemination from mandibular teeth to the orbit and adjacent structures is infrequent, but nevertheless serious, as they may cause severe problems, including vision loss. Aim: The purpose of this study is to present a rare and interesting case of such a dissemination, to discuss the possible routes of infection propagation, and to alert the different specialists involved on the possible complications after dental extractions, such as visual loss. Report of the case: The case of a 43-year-old previously healthy male is presented. The patient was sent to the Medical Legal Service for clinical forensic examination after total vision loss of the right eye, caused by optic atrophy as a complication of orbital apex syndrome, after the extraction of the third right mandibular molar. Conclusions: Opportune and aggressive treatment is crucial to stop infection spread from adjacent structures to the orbit. Effective communication among the professionals involved avoids medical - legal complications and precludes permanent sequels to the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Abscess/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Focal Infection, Dental/etiology , Syndrome , Molar, Third/surgery
16.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 72(2): 251-253, mar.-abr. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-513900

ABSTRACT

O enfisema orbitário é caracterizado pela presença anormal de ar na órbita. Sua ocorrência espontânea não é frequente e a maioria dos casos está associada à fratura de órbita. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 40 anos com quadro de enfisema orbitário unilateral, secundário a asseio vigoroso do nariz. A paciente evoluiu com redução aguda da acuidade visual em decorrência de elevação da pressão intraocular, sendo indicado tratamento de urgência. Foi realizada punção orbitária com agulha 24-gauge próximo à região da incisura supraorbital, com melhora imediata do quadro clínico e recuperação da acuidade visual.


Orbital emphysema is the abnormal presence of air in the orbit. Occurrence in the absence of orbital fracture is rare. We report a case of a 40-year-old female presenting unilateral orbital emphysema after vigorous nose blowing. She developed sudden visual loss as a result of elevated intraocular pressure and urgent treatment was required. She underwent an orbital decompression, performed using a 24-gauge needle puncture adjacent to the supraorbital notch. After treatment, she reported considerable decrease of symptoms.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Emphysema/etiology , Ocular Hypertension/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Decompression , Emphysema/therapy , Ocular Hypertension/therapy , Orbital Diseases/therapy , Punctures , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity
17.
Braz. dent. j ; 20(4): 341-346, 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-536326

ABSTRACT

This paper reports a rare case of acute severe orbital abscess manifested 2 days after a facial trauma without bone fracture in a 20-year-old Afro-American female. The symptoms worsened within the 24 h prior to hospital admission resulting in visual disturbances such as diplopia and photophobia. The clinical findings at the first consultation included fever, periorbital swelling and redness, ptosis, proptosis and limitation of ocular movements upwards, downwards, to the right and to the left. Computed tomography scan showed proptosis with considerable soft tissue swelling on the left side and no fracture was evidenced in the facial skeleton, including the zygomatic-orbital complex. After hospital admission and antibiotic therapy intravenously the patient was conducted to the operation room and submitted to incision and drainage under general anesthesia. The orbit was approached thorough both eyelids and the maxillary sinus was reached only through the Caldwell-Luc approach. The postoperative period was uneventful and the rapid improvement of symptoms was remarkable. Visual acuity and ocular motility returned to the normal ranges within 2 days after the surgical intervention. After 12 postoperative days, the patient presented with significative improvement in the ptosis and proptosis, and acceptable scars.


Este artigo apresenta um caso de abscesso agudo em cavidade orbitária, após 2 dias de trauma facial, sem a presença de fratura óssea, ocorrido em uma mulher da raça negra com 20 anos de idade. Os sintomas se intensificaram nas últimas 24 h com o desenvolvimento de distúrbios visuais do tipo diplopia e fotofobia. Durante exame clínico foi constatado a presença de febre, edema e eritema periorbitário, ptose, proptose e limitação de movimentação ocular para cima, baixo, lado direto e esquerdo. A tomografia computadorizada evidenciava proptose associada a edema considerável, dos tecidos moles no lado esquerdo da face, sem fratura do complexo zigomático-orbitário. A internação hospitalar e o início da antibioticoterapia endovenosa foram realizados, e o tratamento cirúrgico de incisão e drenagem do abscesso sob anestesia geral foi conduzido, sendo realizado por meio de incisão na pálpebra superior e inferior para acesso a cavidade orbitária e por acesso de Caldwell-Luc para o seio maxilar. No pós-operatório imediato foi observada rápida melhora dos sintomas inicialmente relatados pela paciente. Após 2 dias da intervenção cirúrgica foi observado melhora na movimentação ocular e na acuidade visual, retornando ao normal. No décimo segundo dia pós-operatório, a paciente apresentou melhora significativa com relação à ptose palpebral e a proptose, com adequado processo de cicatrização.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Young Adult , Abscess/etiology , Facial Injuries/complications , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Acute Disease , Abscess/drug therapy , Abscess/surgery , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drainage , Emergency Treatment , Maxillary Sinusitis/complications , Maxillary Sinusitis/drug therapy , Orbital Diseases/drug therapy , Orbital Diseases/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
18.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 2008 May-Jun; 56(3): 247-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-71000

ABSTRACT

Orbital emphysema following conjunctival tear in the absence of orbital wall fracture, caused by air under pressure is rare. Usually orbital emphysema is seen in facial trauma associated with damage to the adjacent paranasal sinuses or facial bones. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only eight reports of orbital emphysema following use of compressed air during industrial work. The air under pressure is pushed through the subconjunctival space into the subcutaneous and retrobulbar spaces. We present here a rare cause of orbital emphysema in a young man working with compressed air gun. Although the emphysema was severe, there were no orbital bone fracture and the visual recovery of the patient was complete without attendant complications.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Occupational , Adult , Air , Conjunctiva/injuries , Emphysema/etiology , Eye Injuries/etiology , Humans , Male , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
19.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(2): 262-264, mar.-abr. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-483038

ABSTRACT

We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with sickle cell disease who presented to the emergency room after being hit by a mud pie in the left frontal region. Examination evidenced left eye proptosis, eyelid swelling, reduced visual acuity and afferent pupillary defect, without any inflammatory signs such as fever, hyperemia or tenderness. Computed tomography of the orbits showed a large superomedial subperiosteal hematoma in the left orbit. The patient was treated with canthotomy, cantholysis and surgical draining of the hematoma. Two days after drainage she persisted with a subperiosteal hematoma and low visual acuity. A wide exploration of the orbital roof through a lid crease approach disclosed a thickened superior orbital rim with multiple bone defects along the roof and with continuous bleeding. Hemostasis was accomplished with bone wax. Orbital compression was resolved and the patient recovered her previous normal visual acuity.


Relatamos o caso de uma menina de 11 anos com doença falciforme, trazida à sala de emergência após ser atingida por um bloco de barro na região frontal esquerda. Apresentava ao exame proptose do olho esquerdo, edema palpebral, diminuição da acuidade visual e defeito pupilar aferente, sem quaisquer sinais inflamatórios como febre, hiperemia ou aumento de sensibilidade. A tomografia computadorizada de órbitas demonstrou um extenso hematoma subperiósteo superomedial na órbita esquerda. A paciente foi tratada com cantotomia, cantólise e drenagem cirúrgica do hematoma. Dois dias após a drenagem, ela permaneceu com um hematoma subperiósteo e a acuidade visual diminuída. Uma ampla exploração através de incisão no sulco palpebral superior revelou um rebordo orbitário superior espessado, e múltiplos defeitos ósseos ao longo do teto da órbita com sangramento persistente. Foi realizada hemostasia com cera óssea. A compressão orbitária foi resolvida, e a paciente recuperou a acuidade visual normal prévia.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Hematoma/etiology , Nerve Compression Syndromes/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Periosteum/injuries , Decompression, Surgical , Drainage , Drug Combinations , Hemostasis, Surgical , Hematoma , Hematoma/surgery , Hemostatics/therapeutic use , Nerve Compression Syndromes , Nerve Compression Syndromes/surgery , Orbital Diseases , Orbital Diseases/surgery , Palmitates/therapeutic use , Visual Acuity/physiology , Waxes/therapeutic use
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 70(6): 1021-1023, nov.-dez. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-474114

ABSTRACT

A displasia fibrosa é considerada uma desordem óssea benigna, de progressão lenta na qual há substituição de osso normal por tecido fibroso Quando associada a hiperpigmentação de pele e distúrbios endocrinológicos denomina-se síndrome de McCune Albright. Relatamos um caso raro de síndrome de McCune Albright em uma criança do sexo masculino que apesar de apresentar mínimas distorções crânio-facial externas, mostrou um envolvimento difuso e bilateral das órbitas.


Fibrous dysplasia is a benign, slowly progressive bone disorder, in which normal bone is replaced by fibrous tissue. It is called McCune Albright syndrome when associated with skin hyperpigmentation and endocrinological disorders. We report a rare case of McCune Albright syndrome in a boy, who presented bilateral and diffuse involvement of orbits but few external craniofacial distortions.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic/complications , Orbital Diseases , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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